Heemann sedlaczek and feanz wikulill



(Remodel.)

H. SEDLACZEK, P. WIKULILL 8v S. SGHUCKERT. ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 264,346. Patented Sept. 12, 1882.

VM/J v Figi UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

HEI-MANN SEDLACZEK AND FRANZ lVlKULILL, OF LEBEN, AUSTRIA, AND SIGMUND SOHUCKERT, OF NUREMBERG, BAVARIA, GERIIANY.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 264,346, dated September 12,1882,

Application iled January 19, 1882. (No model.)

in Belgium Juno 12, 1879, No. 48,449, and April 20, 1881, No. 54,426 g 2S, 1879, No. 29,952, and in England April 1'2, 1881, No.l,590.

To all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that we, HERMANN SEDLAez EK and FRANZ WIKULILL, of Leben, Austria, and SIGMUND SGHUGKERT, of Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany, have invented a new Improvement in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an electric lamp the electrodes ot' which are so arranged as to be movable in vessels communicating with each other at their lower parts and filled with a suitableliqnid. The communication of the vessels with each other and the height ot the liquid in each vessel are regulated by a piston or equivalent device connected with an armature and electro-magnet, as below described. The novel construction ot' the lamp enables it to resist the most violent shocks and oscillations, which renders it especially suitable as a lamp for ships and locomotives.

lVith reference to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1, 1X, and lx X represent a lamp embodying the prescntinvention.

The two holders a and b ofthe carbon points ofthe electric lamp are each carried by a piston 0r equivalent device. The pistons move in the two vessels c and d, filled with the liquid and communicating with each other, while the weight of the upper carbon holder a is so proportioned to thatot' the lower one, l), that when the upper-carbon holder a sinks with its piston in the vessel c the liquid is forcedinto the other vessel, d, and the lower-carbon holder b is thus caused to rise. In the connecting-passage c between the two vessels there is arranged a cock, a valve, or a piston, or other suitable device for closing and opening the communication ol' the liquid between the two vessels c and d, connected with the two carbon-holders, and for otherwise regulating` the distance between the carbon points. Thus, when the lamp is to be lighted the preliminary voltaic are may be produced by closing the communication with the vessel c, with which the upper-carbon holder a is connected, and exhausting the fluid from the other vessel, el, thus causing the lowercarbon holder l) to sink. Vice versa, the upper-carbon holder a Patented in Germany June 6,1879, No. 3,580; in France June 11, 1879, No. 131,152;

in Austria-Hungary August 6, 1S79, No. 19,078, and October may be caused to rise by means of the said piston orequivalentdevicc by closing the opcn- 5o ing passing to the vessel d of the lower-carbon holder b and forcing' the liquid into the vessel c ofthe upper-carbon holder a. The same device serves for causing the upper-carbon holder a to rise at the same time as the lower one, b, is made to descend for the purpose of producing the voltaic are. The uppercarbon holder a is connected to the head of its pistonrod a through the medium of a handled rod,

a3, passing through a sleeve, a2, on the piston- 6o rod, so that the holder a may be adjusted horizontally to bring the upper carbon inline with the lower one, being secured after adjustment by a set-screw, s.

For the purpose of making this lamp with magneto regulation applicable for ships and locomotives, the sameis provided with the peculiar construction of armature-lever to be described hereinafter, and which constructionis intended to obviate the disadvantages inherent 7o in all lamps generally known, and which arise from the fact that there is too great a dili'erence between the magnetic force of' the regulating electro-magnet at the time of the normal length ot the voltaic arc and at the time when the feeding forward of the carbon points takes place. Owing to this large variation in resistance the regulation of the lamp is difficult, because the countcracting spiral spring cannot always be adjusted in proportion to 8o such resistance. Attempts have been made to remove this dil'liculty by placing the armature at a considerable distance from the electro-magnet, so as toinsure aconsiderable movement of the parts which operate the regulating S5 mechanism. These necessary requirements are attainedbythisinvention even withthesmallest play of the armature (which in this arrangement takes place in magnetic field of almost constant power) by making the lever-arm mot', 9o the armatureshort and the lever-arm x of the counteracting spiral spring e' proportionately long, as well as by giving to the regulating portion of the lamp (such as piston and valves) a point of attachment to the longer lever-arm 9 5 mf, which insures a steady and sutlicient action.

The distance of the point of attachment of the spiral spring from the fulcrum-pin fw of the armature-lever, as well as its dimensions and elasticity, will be arrived at by setting forth 5 as an axiom that the magnetic forces are in inverse proportion to each other as the squares of their distances. In addition to this attention to the relations of the several parts 4in order to insure the proper workin g of the lamp, the armature-lever m a is mounted in such a lmanner that it will be movable on a vertical axis, and in this position it will act eiciently, even during the most severe shocks and shakings. The spiral spring zis of a. size so as to approximately equilibrate the largest and smallest strain ot' the armature. Its point of application is adjusted by means of the adjusting-screw y and its resilient force by the screws z in such a manner that with a certain electric arc-that is to say, with a certain amount of current-the armature and the spring -tension will counterbalance each other in everyposition. Every change of the strength ot' current will cause either a preponderance or a yielding of the spiral spring.

The channel c, which connects the spaces below the piston, is filled with a suitable Huid.

The communication between the two cylinders can be either formed or broken off by means of a cock or by means of the piston g working therein. For this purpose the cock f has an opening bored through it, which, in a certain definite position of the same, causes communication to be made without shock between the two cylinders. In another position of the cock-for instance, in that shown in the drawings at Fig. 1X X the space '1 at the rear ofthe piston g is in connection, by means of the hole 2, with the channel d and the cylinder d. Besides this, the two cylinders c d in the position of the piston shown in the drawings communicate with each other by means of the holes 3 and a groove, 4, turned in the piston. The piston gis connected by means of a link, l1, with the longer end of the above-described double lever. The stroke of the piston is fixed by the adjusting-screws t' i'.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: As soon as a sufficiently-powerful electric current passes through the coil of the electro-magnet la and the carbons (then in contact) the armature l, when properly adjusted by the abovedescribed arrangement of the spiral spring z, will be attracted, whereby the piston g, by means of the link h, will be drawn backward and the holes 3 3 of the cock f will be closed. On the other hand, however, the space 1 at the rear of the piston is increased, which causes the piston in the vessel d to fall and produces the voltaic arc. As the carbons are consumed the attractive force of the electro-magnet becomes diminished until the same is overhalanced by the spiral spring, the piston g gradually returns to its original position, and the 6 5 communication between both cylinders c and d by means of the groove 4 in the piston g is established, whereby the carbon points approach each other to such an extent that the armature l is again attracted and the commu-4 nication between the two cylinders c and d is 7o again closed. The same process is repeated during the entire working.

It will be understood that similar arrangements (with slight moditications) can be employed eitherfor direct or alternating currents; but in the latter case, it' the light is to be kept in one position, the two cylinders must be of the same diameter.

It is evident that without departing from the substance of this invention the pistons carry- 8o ing the carbon-holders a and b may be dispensed with by forming the carbons so that their ends will pass through stuffing-boxes into the liquid.

It is also evident that, without departing from the substance of this invention, the purposes of the cock fand piston gmay be attained by equivalent devices, such as valves or sacks or other arrangements adapted for opening and closing the communication between the 9o two vessels c and d and for varying the level of the liquid therein.

We claim- 1. An electric lamp having two vessels containing liquid and communicating with each 9; other, electrodes or carbon-holders movable in said vessels, and a valve regulating the communication between said two vessels, whereby the descent of one electrode causes the ascent or" the other, all substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of carbon-holders and their pistons with vessels c d, communicating passage e, and regulating-valve between the said vessels.

3. 'The combination of electrodes or carbonholders and communicating vessels in which said electrodes or holders. move with intermediate regulating-valve, electro-magnet, and armature controlling said valve, substantially as described.

4. The combination of two vessels and electrodes or carbon-holders moving therein with communicating passage, cock f, piston g therein, and electro-magnet and armature controlling said piston.

5. The combination of communicating vessels having passages c d', and electrodes or carbon-holders, with cock f, having holes 2 3, and piston g, having groove 4, 'all substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereofwe have signed our names to this specification in the presence-ot two subscribing witnesses.

HERMANN SEDLACZEK. FRANZ WIKULILL. S. SGHUUKERT.

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Witnesses FRANZ WEIss, AUGUs'r KURTZ, OHnIsrIAN SCHMELZER, J oHANN BAIERLINE. 

